KUALA LUMPUR: COVID-19 discovery was quickly followed by accusations and finger-pointing between the US and China, further clouding the mystery behind COVID-19 origins and fuelling conspiracy theories.
The “infodemic”, as coined by the World Health Organisation (WHO), outpaced the pandemic, overshadowing voices from rational scientific efforts.
The initial geo-political handling and spread of sensationalised news worsened pre-existing issues of trust-deficit by the people towards governments and pharmaceutical companies, setting itself up for an uphill battle against COVID-19 misinformation.
This sets the scene for independent expert voices as information frontliners. Referencing a WHO phrase, this is to help “flatten the infodemic curve”.
The information battleground requires stronger participation from non-partisan thought leaders, influencers and most importantly from coalitions of experts in the field epidemiology, immunology, virology, genetics, biotechnology and other related fields of science and technology.
The method by which scientific or technical issues are conveyed in an easily digestible manner by the public or by people with no scientific or technical background is broadly referred to as science-communication.
As reported in Nature, experts opined that scientists should be in the front lines of the information war, whereby doing so would support policy-making and help build a coalition of understanding in society. These are critical components for successful implementation of national plans such as the National COVID-19 Vaccination Programme.
In order to formulate a strategy utilising science-communication, perhaps we can start by identifying elements that make fake news very successful.
It’s persistent and prevalent through unregulated platforms of dissemination. It’s also done in ways that target the emotional reaction, capitalising on pre-existing distrust or dissatisfaction to the authority and appealing to the psyche of the audience through pseudo-science and fear mongering.
Furthermore, these messages are amplified by key opinion leaders. In an information war, fake news has secured the four battle grounds of where, when, who and how.
Similarly, for science-communication to be effective it has to be present in all battle grounds. It needs to be credible, independent, widespread, strategic and persistent. It should be fully expressed in all platforms, both mainstream and underground channels. Effective science-communication should appeal easily to logic, and it can also be strategically done to target the psyche and emotional faculties.
Though the term science-communication may not be widely known to the masses, Malaysia has experts that have been using science-communication, knowingly or unknowingly, as part of their arsenal of communication strategies through their own respective social media accounts.
Though effective in their respective ways, the odds are against them. They could use a lot more comrades in the field and their efforts could use more attention from authorities and the media.
According to Nature, an example of how scientists can assist is by making their knowledge accessible to those who are involved in exposing fake news such as journalists and fact-checkers.
A good example of this was a live Q&A session organised by The Star, where they interviewed Professor Dr Abhi Veerakumarasivam, who is a geneticist serving as the Dean of School of Medical and Life Sciences at Sunway University and also Malaysia’s first world champion science-communicator in FameLab – world’s oldest and biggest science-communication competition established in the UK.
Professor Abhi provided easily-understandable explanations including the use of simple analogies to answer live questions from the public. This is an example of how a relevant expert with no vested interest used science-communication to help fight fake news and assist in addressing some public concerns that could be contributing to vaccine hesitancy.
There are also various fact-checking online portals where experts can use science-communication techniques on these already-available debunking contents to be presented in more easily understandable and engaging manner. This could be through conventional means such as articles, diagrams and illustrations, or other creative ways such as memes, cartoons, short clips/animations and many others.
As for official channels in Malaysia, the Ministry of Communications and Multimedia has set up Sebenarnya.my as an online portal containing fact-checking elements to combat fake news.
The Health Ministry has an official online vaccine information portal, whereby the contents appear to utilise elements of science-communication quite well, with easy-to-understand videos, diagrams and info-graphics. Increased representation by non-government experts in these official portals may help move the effort beyond promoting understanding and towards building trust.
All of the mentioned efforts above should be lauded and supported to the fullest, but as mentioned earlier, operating mainly on mainstream channels could be limiting its accessibility and appeal to the less informed segment of the population.
Furthermore, distrust to mainstream media has existed even before COVID-19. More effort is needed to proactively combat fake news in social media platforms and unregulated channels.
Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) Khairy Jamaluddin has mentioned his intention to personally engage certain ‘challenging’ groups in social media platforms to assess the issue and help address specific concerns.
It may be worthwhile to supplement the good effort by bringing in third-party experts who are considered neutral by the masses, have great science-communication skills for the layman and can act as arbiters in potentially difficult engagements.
There are also international reports where efforts include the establishment of a “fake news war room” that ultimately lost the information battle to a messaging app. The influencing power and impact of unregulated platforms should not be underestimated.
As pointed by Khairy’s science advisor Associate Professor Dr. Ghows Azzam - who is also an expert in biology, genetics and infectious disease - Mosti has an internal team of experts working on vaccine-related issues that are also embarking on efforts to combat fake news.
Learning from the experience of other nations, perhaps a similar “war room” can be considered, utilising all available tools such as science-communication, engaging in all channels and working with counterparts abroad for issues and platforms that go beyond national jurisdictions.
Science-communication is a tool to communicate scientific contents and for maximum impact it has to be widespread, strategic and persistent which is why a science-communication campaign could be a multi-disciplinary approach.
The overall campaign strategy can draw upon knowledge from seasoned media professionals, experts in the field of marketing, advertising, social psychology, public-relation, mass communications, and many others.
Considering this as a form of “lobbying” the truth for the masses, experts in the mentioned fields may refer to strategies used in successful advertising or even political campaigns where elements of strategic placement and timing of the product (in this case, it’s the scientific messages or facts) are taken into consideration.
Successful strategies may also involve engaging thought leaders, social influencers and community heads.
These strategies are worth considering as Malaysia has world-class science-communication talents and networks. In addition to Prof. Abhi, Malaysia currently has another FameLab world champion in Dr Siti Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah, who is a biomedical researcher and senior lecturer at the School of Biological Sciences in Universiti Sains Malaysia with experience in research and development of immunological diagnostic biomarkers.
In collaboration with The Young Scientist Network-Academy of Sciences Malaysia (YSN-ASM) and the Malaysian Science Communication Network (MSCN), Dr. Khayriyyah has been involved in the development of the Malaysian Science Communication module, targeted to academics and researchers but also relevant to various related fields to increase science-communication capacity in Malaysia.
Agencies such as the Malaysian Industry-Government Group for High Technology (MIGHT) and the British Council have been promoting science-communication through FameLab since 2015 and under five years Malaysia produced two world champions and catalysed a steadily growing group of science-communication experts and enthusiasts.
National champions such as Dr. Zaid Omar, senior lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia’s engineering faculty, and Atteleth Don Peris, programme manager for sustainable tourism at Reef Check Malaysia have been actively engaging the public to promote awareness on science-communication, while Dr. Mohd Hazreen Abdul Rashid, psychiatrist at Selayang Hospital conducted Zoom webinars on youth mental health.
It’s important to note that science-communication isn’t reserved to those taking part in the competition. It is a learnable skill that can be utilised by anyone, particularly non-partisan researchers, professionals, thought leaders and influencers, especially in relevant fields where public outreach is important. Analogically, this could be one of the unrealised (and therefore, underutilised) “vaccines” to fight the “infodemic”.
Ameen Kamal is the Head of Science & Technology at EMIR Research, an independent think tank focused on strategic policy recommendations based on rigorous research.
** The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of Astro AWANI.
Ameen Kamal
Fri Feb 26 2021
![Utilise science-communication campaigns to help fight COVID-19 infodemic Utilise science-communication campaigns to help fight COVID-19 infodemic](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2020-04/41586005597_Coronavirus.jpg)
In order to formulate a strategy utilising science-communication, perhaps we can start by identifying elements that make fake news very successful. REUTERSpic
![Bekas pengawal peribadi Wan Azizah cedera kemalangan Bekas pengawal peribadi Wan Azizah cedera kemalangan](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/51721109015_bekaspengawalperib.jpg)
Bekas pengawal peribadi Wan Azizah cedera kemalangan
Bekas anggota polis wanita yang kini bekerja sebagai pengawal peribadi cedera setelah motosikal ditunggangnya melanggar sebuah SUV di lebuh raya PLUS.
![Rang Undang-undang Kebebasan Maklumat dijangka dibentang akhir tahun ini - Kulasegaran Rang Undang-undang Kebebasan Maklumat dijangka dibentang akhir tahun ini - Kulasegaran](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/81719996195_MKulasegaran.jpg)
Rang Undang-undang Kebebasan Maklumat dijangka dibentang akhir tahun ini - Kulasegaran
RUU Kebebasan Maklumat dijangka dibentangkan di Parlimen pada akhir tahun ini selepas cadangan ketetapan bagi penggubalan Akta Kebebasan Maklumat dibawa ke Jemaah Menteri untuk kelulusan.
![Azizi dilantik Ketua Polis Perak baharu Azizi dilantik Ketua Polis Perak baharu](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/51721108438_azizi.jpg)
Azizi dilantik Ketua Polis Perak baharu
Timbalan Ketua Polis Perak Datuk Azizi Mat Aris dilantik sebagai Ketua Polis Perak yang baharu hari ini.
![ADUN Rembia sertai Pas, tak 'lompat parti' - Takiyuddin ADUN Rembia sertai Pas, tak 'lompat parti' - Takiyuddin](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/51721108165_ADUNRembiaPN.jpg)
ADUN Rembia sertai Pas, tak 'lompat parti' - Takiyuddin
Menurut Takiyuddin, keahlian Muhamad Jailani yang juga wakil rakyat UMNO diterima pada 10 Jun tahun lalu, namun diumumkan secara rasmi hari ini.
Kita perlu belajar hidup dengan COVID-19 - Pakar
Itu kata Pakar Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, Bahagian Kawalan Penyakit, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM), Dr Aznida Mohamad Zaki yang berkata pihaknya akan berusaha semampu mungkin dalam menggalakkan praktis kendiri dikalangan orang awam bagi mencegah penularan wabak seperti mana yang pernah dilakukan sebelum ini.
LHDN lulus 141,406 permohonan PKPS 2.0
Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN) telah meluluskan sebanyak 141,406 permohonan program khas pengakuan sukarela (PKPS) 2.0 yang melibatkan 102,572 bilangan kes pembayar cukai individu, 27,707 bilangan kes syarikat dan selebihnya melibatkan lain kategori seperti pertubuhan.
![Pelan Transformasi Air sasar tingkatkan air bersih, liputan sistem kumbahan - Fadillah Pelan Transformasi Air sasar tingkatkan air bersih, liputan sistem kumbahan - Fadillah](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/81721017239_TBFADILLAH.jpg)
Pelan Transformasi Air sasar tingkatkan air bersih, liputan sistem kumbahan - Fadillah
Pelan Transformasi Air sasar tingkatkan air bersih, tingkatkan liputan sistem kumbahan - Fadillah
![Warga Thailand mengaku tidak bersalah seleweng diesel Warga Thailand mengaku tidak bersalah seleweng diesel](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/41721103547_WargaThailandWitt.jpg)
Warga Thailand mengaku tidak bersalah seleweng diesel
Seorang warga Thailand mengaku tidak bersalah di Mahkamah Sesyen Alor Setar atas pertuduhan menyeleweng 322 liter minyak diesel.
Lilitan reben putih tak langgar peraturan - Timbalan Speaker
Ramli berkata, perkara itu juga adalah merupakan keputusannya dan bukan dibuat oleh Yang Dipertua Dewan Rakyat, Tan Sri Johari Abdul.
Kos pampasan tanah fasa 1B proses projek LPB Sabah RM1.2 bilion - Alexander
Anggaran kos pengambilan balik tanah bagi keseluruhan Fasa 1B proses pengambilan tanah dan penilaian pampasan tanah bagi Projek Lebuh Raya Pan Borneo Sabah (LPB Sabah) berjumlah RM1.2 bilion.
![Tidak perlu lagi kemas kini status COVID-19 dalam MySejahtera - KKM Tidak perlu lagi kemas kini status COVID-19 dalam MySejahtera - KKM](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/81721100784_TBmysj.jpg)
Tidak perlu lagi kemas kini status COVID-19 dalam MySejahtera - KKM
Jika positif COVID-19 melalui ujian kendiri, pesakit boleh mengunjungi klinik dan hospital berdekatan bagi mendapatkan pengesahan.
![Ancaman keganasan di Asia Tenggara bersifat sederhana rendah - Ahmad Zahid Ancaman keganasan di Asia Tenggara bersifat sederhana rendah - Ahmad Zahid](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/41720707023_TBZahidHamidi.jpg)
Ancaman keganasan di Asia Tenggara bersifat sederhana rendah - Ahmad Zahid
Timbalan Perdana Menteri Datuk Seri Ahmad Zahid Hamidi berkata ancaman keganasan masih wujud di rantau Asia Tenggara namun ia bersifat sederhana rendah.
![Kerajaan tanggung kerugian RM185 juta akibat lebihan vaksin COVID-19 - Dr Dzulkefly Kerajaan tanggung kerugian RM185 juta akibat lebihan vaksin COVID-19 - Dr Dzulkefly](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/51720674506_DzulkeflyAhmad.jpg)
Kerajaan tanggung kerugian RM185 juta akibat lebihan vaksin COVID-19 - Dr Dzulkefly
Malaysia menanggung kerugian lebih RM185 juta akibat lebihan vaksin COVID-19 setakat 11 Jun lalu, kata Menteri Kesihatan, Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad.
![TPR positif COVID-19, prosiding bela diri Dr Roland ditangguh ke 23 Sept TPR positif COVID-19, prosiding bela diri Dr Roland ditangguh ke 23 Sept](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/71719815159_DrRolandVictorMD.jpg)
TPR positif COVID-19, prosiding bela diri Dr Roland ditangguh ke 23 Sept
Pada 5 Julai 2021, Dr Roland didakwa atas pertuduhan membuat dan memulakan hantaran video bersifat jelik dengan niat untuk menyakitkan hati orang lain di Facebook.
![Sarawak mahu lebih ramai kontraktor Bumiputera kelas lebih tinggi - Uggah Sarawak mahu lebih ramai kontraktor Bumiputera kelas lebih tinggi - Uggah](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/71719670940_TBUnggah.jpg)
Sarawak mahu lebih ramai kontraktor Bumiputera kelas lebih tinggi - Uggah
Kerajaan bukan setakat mahu melihat lebih ramai kontraktor Bumiputera berjaya malah pada masa sama mahu menambah bilangan mereka berdaftar dalam kelas yang lebih tinggi.
![KKM keluarkan perincian semakan semula SOP bagi COVID-19 dalam masa terdekat KKM keluarkan perincian semakan semula SOP bagi COVID-19 dalam masa terdekat](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/41719648068_DrDzulkeflyAhmad.jpg)
KKM keluarkan perincian semakan semula SOP bagi COVID-19 dalam masa terdekat
Kementerian Kesihatan akan mengeluarkan perincian semakan semula prosedur operasi standard (SOP) berkaitan COVID-19 dalam waktu terdekat.
![Dulu jurutera, sekarang usahawan cili Dulu jurutera, sekarang usahawan cili](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/61719073622_PetaniASrinath.jpg)
Dulu jurutera, sekarang usahawan cili
Srinath tinggalkan kerjaya sebagai jurutera perisian kerana mahu beri tumpuan pada tanaman cili secara fertigasi.
![Bantu anak-anak istimewa autisme, fahami kekurangan mereka Bantu anak-anak istimewa autisme, fahami kekurangan mereka](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/71718882192_SITINURHIDAYAHSHA.jpg)
Bantu anak-anak istimewa autisme, fahami kekurangan mereka
Suara jeritan diikuti dengan tangisan membuatkan beberapa orang pelanggan Tong Kayu Cafe, Bayan Lepas (Pulau Pinang) berhenti makan sambil menghalakan pandangan ke arah wanita itu.
![Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-03/71709993909_TBBERITAx.jpg)
Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini
Antara pelbagai berita luar negara yang disiarkan di Astro AWANI, berikut adalah yang paling menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari ini.
![Malaysia masuk fasa hidup bersama virus COVID-19 - Dr Dzulkefly Malaysia masuk fasa hidup bersama virus COVID-19 - Dr Dzulkefly](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/71717830160_DrDzulkeflyAhmad.jpg)
Malaysia masuk fasa hidup bersama virus COVID-19 - Dr Dzulkefly
Rakyat kini berada di fasa hidup bersama virus COVID-19 dan dalam peralihan ke arah meneruskan kehidupan seperti biasa, kata Menteri Kesihatan Datuk Seri Dr Dzulkefly Ahmad.