NO COUNTRY or organization is immune to cyber-attacks. Recent threats levelled at the Royal Malaysian Navy (TLDM), US air forces as well the as Nigeria navy on highly classified documents have been leaked and have ended up on the Dark Web. This has raised a heightened awareness of the need to be more secure, vigilant and resilient. TLDM is aware of the stolen military related information and they have confirmed that is already obsolete.
The Dark Web is used for nefarious purposes aiming to disrupt critical infrastructure or sensitive or classified information. It also serves as “criminal underground” to facilitate money laundering and criminal activities.
Political activists can also take advantage of the Dark Web to hide their activities as they can become virtually untraceable and can operate beyond supervision of the law enforcement agencies.
A group of cyber-extortionists on the Dark Web claims to have dirt on current United States President, Donald Trump, and have threatened to publish the information in due time before the election.
Criminologist, Dr Michael McGuire stated that the health care industry, banking and commerce are the targeted sectors as they host a mountain of personal, confidential and private data.
During COVID-19 crisis, hackers have carried out a number of malicious cyber-attacks. Some hospitals are facing ransomware attacks where database and records of patients who has COVID-19 are available in the Dark Web.
Even our Health Ministry is cautioning Malaysians against buying plasma from the Dark Web, amid reports that cybercriminals were selling fake products online as the demand for it has been increasing during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Recently, Singapore suffered its worst-ever cyber-attack where hackers broke into SingHealth's IT systems to steal data and records of 1.5 million in-patients and outpatients and even the types of medication given to Prime Minister Mr Lee Hsien Loong.
Cyber-attackers have targeted Singapore’s education sector to steal these data and credentials, and ultimately to be sold in the Dark Web.
In July 2020, the Royal Military College of Canada’s student information and financial document has also been leaked on the Dark Web.
Prior to this, a cybercriminal claimed to have the complete set of records and personal details of 1,164,540 Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) students and alumni who studied between 2000 and 2018. The hackers wanted to prove a point and to tell UiTM to beef up their IT security in the university. The information was eventually sold in the Dark Web.
A few years ago, Richard Huckle who posed as a freelance photographer and an English teacher, got access to impoverished communities in Kuala Lumpur. He had used the Dark Web to post more than 20,000 pictures of children as young as six months old being sexually abused from 2006 to 2014. Richard was jailed for life after admitting to 71 charges of sexual abuse against children in Malaysia.
So, what is Dark Web? There are three layers of Internet: Surface Web, Deep Web and Dark Web.
Like an iceberg, interestingly, the surface web contains only 4% of the Internet; the remaining 96 % is hidden in the part of Deep Web.
However, this is not to say the Deep Web are necessarily malicious. Medical records, academic and legal document are also kept and stored there for protection and privacy purposes.
What is disconcerting about the deep web is a part of it called the Dark Web which is also internationally hidden and not accessible through traditional search engine or standard browsers. To access this level, you need to have a special browse known as Onion Router browser (TOR), originally developed by the US Navy to protect government intelligence communications. It protects users’ privacy, hides all users’ IP addresses which makes it is impossible to be traced.
The orgnanised criminal sites offer their largest marketplace on the dark web for purchasing illegal products and services such as sensitive data, financial transaction, corruption, drugs, contract killers, human organs, child pornography, counterfeit money, fake passports, firearms and stolen bank account information, etc. They even have their respective business models, advertising and collaboration among hackers and criminals and exploit organizations around the clock.
Combating criminal activities operating in the Dark Web environment requires the law enforcement agencies to be more proactive. It demands cyber security experts and technical resources combined with an innovative approach. Hackers are becoming more skilled and sophiscated and some countries make use of the “ethical hackers” to deal with the cyber-attacks and the Dark Web.
What would happen if a cyber-attack takes over the electronic voting system or the government IT network? The government has to be proactive introduce a more serious and dedicated cybercrime unit to tackle the Dark Web.
Malaysia may consider initiating a “National Plan to Fight Illicit Activities in Cyberspace” consisting of the relevant law enforcement agencies and regulators in collaboration with Cybersecurity Malaysia and acquire the knowledge and the knowhow to tackle the Dark Web. This enables the task force to conduct continuous investigations and continuous monitoring to effectively curb serious crimes and activities which includes money laundering.
Today to hide money and making difficult for law enforcement agencies to investigate, corrupt payments and receipts are transacted using bitcoin, a cryptocurrency in the Dark Web.
To plan for the long-term, the government may consider forming a federal crime agency, like the UK National Crime Agency (NCA) with a range of specialised capabilities to effectively fight serious organised crime. Currently, the NCA can respond to a wide range of threats in the country including cybercrime, drug, human and weapon trafficking and economic crime. The NCA has launched a dedicated cybercrime unit to tackle the Dark Web.
The long-term plan represents a national commitment to ensure a safer and secure to the public. To ensure our cyber-space remain immune to cyber-attacks, it has to begin during the design phase. Besides combating cybercrime, greater prevention and mitigation awareness campaigns are very vital aspects in fighting against cybercriminals, militants and white collar criminals especially in the Dark Web.
Even with the best infrastructure, technologies and legislation in place, the human factor that is subjective plays an important part to prevent data breaches. Therefore, integrity of the data handlers are critical to combat cyber threats.
* Datuk Seri Akhbar Satar is the Director at the Institute of Crime & Criminology, HELP University
** ** The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of Astro AWANI.
Akhbar Satar
Tue Aug 25 2020
![Dark web: A web of crimes Dark web: A web of crimes](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/http://img.astroawani.com/2018-03/71522058520_CyberAttack.jpg)
Integrity of the data handlers are critical to combat cyber threats. - Filepic/REUTERS
PAC beri tempoh tiga bulan kepada HRD Corp
Jawatankuasa Kira-kira Wang Negara (PAC) memberi tempoh tiga bulan kepada Perbadanan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia (HRD Corp) untuk mengemukakan laporan tindakan susulan terhadap syor jawatankuasa itu.
Kylian Mbappe tandatangan kontrak dengan Real Madrid
Bintang bola sepak Perancis Kylian Mbappe menandatangani kontrak selama lima tahun dengan kelab Sepanyol Real Madrid pada Selasa.
Pelepasan ketujuh air sisa nuklear Fukushima ke laut selesai
Jepun telah menyelesaikan pusingan ketujuh pelepasan air sisa radioaktif yang dirawat dari loji kuasa nuklear Fukushima Daiichi ke Lautan Pasifik pada Selasa.
Empat termasuk kapten maut dalam pertempuran
Empat anggota tentera India termasuk kapten meninggal dunia akibat kecederaan selepas pertempuuran pada malam isnin di Hutan Desa.
Pakistan sahkan 4 warganya terbunuh di Oman
Pakistan berkata pada Selasa empat warganya terbunuh dalam insiden tembakan pada malam Isnin berhampiran ibu negara Oman, Muscat.
Lima terbunuh, puluhan cedera dalam protes antikuota di Bangladesh
Sekurang-kurangnya empat orang terbunuh dan puluhan lagi cedera dalam pertempuran antara pelajar yang memprotes sistem kuota dalam pekerjaan sektor awam dan polis di pelbagai bahagian Bangladesh pada Selasa.
Kerajaan cadang perkenal pembiayaan swasta
Kerajaan menyasarkan untuk memperkenalkan pembiayaan swasta alternatif bagi memastikan kemampanan kewangan program sektor air, sekali gus mengurangkan kebergantungan pada perbelanjaan kerajaan dan mengukuhkan daya tahan.
Saya tak fitnah Guan Eng, cuma jelaskan siasatan SPRM - Muhyiddin
Presiden Bersatu Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin memberitahu Mahkamah Tinggi Kuala Lumpur hari ini bahawa beliau tidak memfitnah Lim Guan Eng berhubung isu pengecualian cukai terhadap Yayasan Albukhary
KPT alu-alukan dapatan, cadangan PAC - Zambry
Ini termasuklah cadangan pelaksanaan Garis Panduan Pelaburan dan Pembiayaan oleh Universiti Awam 2024 kepada anak-anak syarikat di bawah seliaan Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi (KPT).
Lebih 340,000 syarikat buat transaksi serah simpan maklumat pemunyaan benefisial
Sebanyak 340,637 syarikat telah membuat transaksi serah simpan maklumat pemunyaan benefisial (beneficial ownership) bagi tempoh 1 April hingga 14 Julai lepas.
![[KOLUMNIS] SPRM dan kes berprofil tinggi: Ke mana sudahnya? [KOLUMNIS] SPRM dan kes berprofil tinggi: Ke mana sudahnya?](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-04/51714403814_SPRMlogo.jpg)
[KOLUMNIS] SPRM dan kes berprofil tinggi: Ke mana sudahnya?
Amalan tadbir urus yang baik demi kepentingan awam adalah lebih penting daripada jawatan yang dipegang. Namun, bila agaknya ahli politik di negara ini boleh mengikut prinsip sedemikian rupa?
![PRN: Pemimpin politik perlu bersikap 'gentleman', tidak rasuah pengundi - Akhbar Satar PRN: Pemimpin politik perlu bersikap 'gentleman', tidak rasuah pengundi - Akhbar Satar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-02/71675683248_akhbarsatar.jpg)
PRN: Pemimpin politik perlu bersikap 'gentleman', tidak rasuah pengundi - Akhbar Satar
Pemimpin politik yang akan bertanding dalam Pilihan Raya Negeri (PRN) di enam negeri tidak lama lagi diingatkan agar tidak menggunakan duit demi mendapatkan undi rakyat.
![Belanjawan 2023: Pembatalan rundingan terus, jimat kos, lebih telus - Akhbar Satar Belanjawan 2023: Pembatalan rundingan terus, jimat kos, lebih telus - Akhbar Satar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-02/71675683248_akhbarsatar.jpg)
Belanjawan 2023: Pembatalan rundingan terus, jimat kos, lebih telus - Akhbar Satar
Inisiatif membatalkan kaedah rundingan terus bagi projek mega dalam Belanjawan 2023 mampu menjimatkan kos dan mengelakkan pemberian komisen kepada 'orang tengah'.
![Indeks CPI: Skor negara menurun dipengaruhi pelbagai faktor penilaian - Akhbar Satar Indeks CPI: Skor negara menurun dipengaruhi pelbagai faktor penilaian - Akhbar Satar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2020-12/61609123709_AkhbarSatar.jpg)
Indeks CPI: Skor negara menurun dipengaruhi pelbagai faktor penilaian - Akhbar Satar
Indikator dalam menentukan indeks persepsi rasuah bukan sahaja dipengaruhi oleh jumlah kes rasuah yang berlaku di dalam negara, namun ia membabitkan beberapa faktor termasuk sosio-ekonomi dan politik.
![Apabila sedekah menjadi rasuah Apabila sedekah menjadi rasuah](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2022-10/41666708415_bribe.jpg)
Apabila sedekah menjadi rasuah
Rasuah adalah ibu segala kegiatan jenayah dan kejahatan.
![Sistem dalam negara perlu dipegang pemimpin berintegriti - Akhbar Satar Sistem dalam negara perlu dipegang pemimpin berintegriti - Akhbar Satar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2022-12/71671059101_TBakhbarsatar.jpg)
Sistem dalam negara perlu dipegang pemimpin berintegriti - Akhbar Satar
Ciri-ciri tersebut amat penting bagi memastikan penguatkuasaan sesuatu akta itu dapat dilaksanakan dengan telus.
![PRU15: 'Ada udang di sebalik batu' apabila ahli politik enggan isytihar harta - Akhbar Satar PRU15: 'Ada udang di sebalik batu' apabila ahli politik enggan isytihar harta - Akhbar Satar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2022-11/61667668496_AKHBARSATAR.jpg)
PRU15: 'Ada udang di sebalik batu' apabila ahli politik enggan isytihar harta - Akhbar Satar
Ahli politik tidak perlu takut untuk dedahkan kekayaan jika ia datang dari sumber yang tidak melanggar undang-undang.
![Rasuah: Hukuman pesalah golongan elit perlu lebih berat - Akhbar Satar Rasuah: Hukuman pesalah golongan elit perlu lebih berat - Akhbar Satar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2021-09/61631040275_AkhbarSatar.jpg)
Rasuah: Hukuman pesalah golongan elit perlu lebih berat - Akhbar Satar
Golongan elit mempunyai wang yang cukup untuk mengupah peguam-peguam yang handal bagi membela mereka dalam penghakiman dan secara tidak langsung membebaskan mereka daripada pertuduhan tersebut.
![PDRM terus perkasa integriti PDRM terus perkasa integriti](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2015-06/81435138817_AKHBARSATAR.jpg)
PDRM terus perkasa integriti
Integriti sukar diajar. Ia terpahat dalam jiwa sama ada dimiliki seseorang atau tidak. Ada berpendapat doktrin agama juga tidak berupaya mengubah perasuah.
![Revolusi senyap berlaku sejak banjir Revolusi senyap berlaku sejak banjir](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2021-12/41640732172_bantuan.jpg)
Revolusi senyap berlaku sejak banjir
Perkara ini berlaku kerana usaha-usaha membantu menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi rakyat lebih mudah diselesaikan dengan gerak kerja masyarakat tanpa melibat kerenah birokrasi.