THE risk of death, hospitalization and serious health issues from COVID-19 jumps significantly with reinfection compared with a first bout with the virus, regardless of vaccination status, a study published on Thursday suggests.
"Reinfection with COVID-19 increases the risk of both acute outcomes and long COVID," said Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "This was evident in unvaccinated, vaccinated and boosted people."
The findings were drawn from U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) data collected from March 1, 2020 through April 6, 2022 on 443,588 patients with one SARS-CoV-2 infection, 40,947 with two or more infections, and 5.3 million noninfected individuals. Most of the study subjects were male.
Reinfected patients had a more than doubled risk of death and a more than tripled risk of hospitalization compared with those who were infected with COVID just once. They also had elevated risks for problems with lungs, heart, blood, kidneys, diabetes, mental health, bones and muscles, and neurological disorders, according to a report published in Nature Medicine.
"Even if one had prior infection and was vaccinated - meaning they had double immunity from prior infection plus vaccines - they are still susceptible to adverse outcomes upon reinfection," Al-Aly, the study leader, said.
People in the study with repeat infections were more than three times more likely to develop lung problems, three times more likely to suffer heart conditions and 60% more likely to experience neurological disorders than patients who had been infected only once. The higher risks were most pronounced in the first month after reinfection but were still evident six months later, researchers found.
Experts not involved with the study said the VA population does not reflect the general population.
Patients at VA health facilities are generally older, sicker people and often men, a group that would typically have more than normal health complications, said John Moore, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York.
The researchers said cumulative risks and burdens of repeat infection increased with the number of infections, even after accounting for differences in COVID-19 variants such as Delta, Omicron and BA.5.
However, Dr. Celine Gounder, an infectious disease epidemiologist and an editor-at-large at Kaiser Health News, said there seemed to be a "plateauing effect with multiple infections," with less of a jump in risk after the second infection.
"The good news there is that the better people are protected with immunity, likely the risk of developing some of the complications will be lower over time," she added.
Still, Al-Aly cautioned that people should not let their guard down.
"We had started seeing a lot of patients coming to the clinic with an air of invincibility," he told Reuters. "They wondered, 'Does getting a reinfection really matter?' The answer is yes, it absolutely does."
Ahead of the fast approaching holiday season with travel and indoor gatherings, "people should be aware that reinfection is consequential and should take precautions," he added.
Reuters
Fri Nov 11 2022
![Repeat COVID is riskier than first infection, study finds Repeat COVID is riskier than first infection, study finds](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2022-09/61662346581_TBICUHOSSGBULOHCOVID.jpg)
Reinfected patients had a more than doubled risk of death and a more than tripled risk of hospitalization compared with those who were infected with COVID just once. - Astro AWANI/SHAHIR OMAR
Rakyat UK terancam dengan imigran rampas peluang pekerjaan
Bimbang golongan imigran akan merampas peluang peluang pekerjaan menjadikan rakyat United KIngdom terutamanya mereka yang mempunyai masalah ekonomi melihat imigran sebagai satu ancaman.
Parti Pheu Thai pilih anak perempuan Thaksin calon PM
Paetongtarn, 37, adalah anak perempuan kepada jutawan yang juga bekas Perdana Menteri Thailand, Thaksin Shinawatra.
Pemilihan anak Thaksin sebagai PM Thailand dianggap tidak efektif
Pemilihan anak perempuan bekas Perdana Menteri Thailand, Thaksin Shinawatra, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, untuk menggantikan Srettha Thavisin sebagai Perdana Menteri negara itu dianggap sebagai tidak efektif.
![Ketua Hak Asasi Manusia PBB rayu agar konflik di Gaza dihentikan Ketua Hak Asasi Manusia PBB rayu agar konflik di Gaza dihentikan](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/81717499145_TBVolkerTurk.jpg)
Ketua Hak Asasi Manusia PBB rayu agar konflik di Gaza dihentikan
Volker Turk berkata, kebanyakan yang terkorban adalah wanita dan kanak-kanak.
![Angka kematian di seluruh Semenanjung Gaza meningkat kepada 40,005, lebih 92,401 cedera Angka kematian di seluruh Semenanjung Gaza meningkat kepada 40,005, lebih 92,401 cedera](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-08/81723343252_Palestiniansmourn.jpg)
Angka kematian di seluruh Semenanjung Gaza meningkat kepada 40,005, lebih 92,401 cedera
Perkhidmatan kecemasan masih tidak dapat membantu ramai mangsa dan membawa keluar mayat yang terperangkap di bawah runtuhan.
DNA mangsa kebakaran di Pagoh diperoleh, jenazah dijangka dikebumikan esok
Polis mengesahkan telah menerima laporan ujian asid deoksiribonukleik (DNA) dua mayat mangsa yang rentung dalam kebakaran rumah di Kampung Paya Redan, Pagoh, Johor Jumaat lepas.
Jenazah ibu MB Kedah selamat dikebumikan
Jenazah ibu Menteri Besar Kedah, Allahyarham Meriam Ahmad, 74, selamat dikebumikan di Tanah Perkuburan Islam Sungai Pau kira-kira pukul 5.45 petang Khamis.
MOT sedia sokong pembinaan lapangan terbang di Gebeng
Kementerian Pengangkutan sedia menyokong rancangan Kerajaan Pahang untuk membina Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuantan, kata Menterinya, Anthony Loke.
KDN lulus hampir 14,000 permohonan
Kementerian Dalam Negeri telah meluluskan hampir 14,000 permohonan kewarganegaraan setakat ini, kata Menterinya Datuk Seri Saifuddin Nasution Ismail.
![Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-03/71709993909_TBBERITAx.jpg)
Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini
Antara pelbagai berita luar negara yang disiarkan di Astro AWANI, berikut adalah yang paling menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari ini.
![Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-03/71709993909_TBBERITAx.jpg)
Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini
Antara pelbagai berita luar negara yang disiarkan di Astro AWANI, berikut adalah antara yang paling menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari ini.
![Tahap pengurusan rantaian bekalan akan dipertingkat - PM Anwar Tahap pengurusan rantaian bekalan akan dipertingkat - PM Anwar](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-08/71723553013_TBAnwarIbrahim.jpg)
Tahap pengurusan rantaian bekalan akan dipertingkat - PM Anwar
Mesyuarat MPN Ke-6 Tahun 2024 hari ini bersetuju dengan beberapa langkah bagi meningkatkan tahap pengurusan rantaian bekalan yang kukuh, berdaya tahan dan responsif kepada gangguan.
![Olimpik Paris: Lyles raih gangsa acara 200m lelaki, meskipun positif COVID-19 Olimpik Paris: Lyles raih gangsa acara 200m lelaki, meskipun positif COVID-19](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-08/81723164238_NoahLyles.jpg)
Olimpik Paris: Lyles raih gangsa acara 200m lelaki, meskipun positif COVID-19
Lyles terpaksa berpuas hati dengan pingat gangsa dalam acara 200m, dengan emas menjadi milik atlet Botswana, Letsile Tebogo.
![[KOLUMNIS] Bahaya maklumat salah: Ancaman keamanan dan keharmonian di Malaysia [KOLUMNIS] Bahaya maklumat salah: Ancaman keamanan dan keharmonian di Malaysia](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2021-05/41622415528_fake.jpg)
[KOLUMNIS] Bahaya maklumat salah: Ancaman keamanan dan keharmonian di Malaysia
Maklumat yang salah bukan sahaja ancaman di negara-negara Barat tetapi juga semakin menjadi masalah besar di Malaysia.
![KKM belanja RM137 juta setahun bagi menyelenggara 201 klinik kesihatan KKM belanja RM137 juta setahun bagi menyelenggara 201 klinik kesihatan](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/71721221006_DzulkeflyAhmad.jpg)
KKM belanja RM137 juta setahun bagi menyelenggara 201 klinik kesihatan
KKM membelanjakan sebanyak RM137 juta setahun bagi menyelenggara 201 buah klinik kesihatan di seluruh negara di bawah PSK dengan kontrak selama 5 tahun bermula tahun 2022.
![Olimpik Paris 2024: Atlet renang Australia tarik diri selepas positif COVID-19 Olimpik Paris 2024: Atlet renang Australia tarik diri selepas positif COVID-19](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/71722334055_LaniPallister.jpg)
Olimpik Paris 2024: Atlet renang Australia tarik diri selepas positif COVID-19
Atlet renang Australia Lani Pallister terpaksa menarik diri dari acara bebas 1,500 meter selepas positif COVID-19, menurut pasukan negara itu pada Selasa.
![Biden kembali ke Rumah Putih selepas beberapa hari pengasingan COVID-19 Biden kembali ke Rumah Putih selepas beberapa hari pengasingan COVID-19](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-10/71696492107_JoeBiden.jpg)
Biden kembali ke Rumah Putih selepas beberapa hari pengasingan COVID-19
Presiden Amerika Syarikat (AS) Joe Biden tiba semula di Rumah Putih pada Selasa selepas beberapa hari diasingkan akibat COVID-19 dan di tengah-tengah khabar angin mengenai kesihatannya.
![Gantung Parlimen: 2 wakil rakyat dibenar mulakan semakan kehakiman Gantung Parlimen: 2 wakil rakyat dibenar mulakan semakan kehakiman](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/51721817034_MuhyiddinYassin.jpg)
Gantung Parlimen: 2 wakil rakyat dibenar mulakan semakan kehakiman
Mahkamah Persekutuan membenarkan dua wakil rakyat memulakan semakan kehakiman bagi mencabar nasihat Muhyiddin untuk menggantung Parlimen sepanjang tempoh darurat pandemik COVID-19.
![Biden pulih daripada gejala COVID-19, ujian negatif Biden pulih daripada gejala COVID-19, ujian negatif](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-07/71721785411_JoeBidenAirForce.jpg)
Biden pulih daripada gejala COVID-19, ujian negatif
Ujian antigen pantas BINAX adalah negatif, bagaimanapun, beliau akan terus dipantau untuk sebarang penyakit berulang.
![Biden alami gejala COVID-19 ringan, ambil ubat antiviral Biden alami gejala COVID-19 ringan, ambil ubat antiviral](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-05/71716240052_TBJoeBiden.jpg)
Biden alami gejala COVID-19 ringan, ambil ubat antiviral
Kevin O'Connor berkata gejala yang dialami presiden itu mempengaruhi sistem pernafasannya.