ARCHAEOLOGISTS in southern Iraq have uncovered the remains of a tavern dating back nearly 5,000 years they hope will illuminate the lives of ordinary people in the world's first cities.
The US-Italian team made the find in the ruins of ancient Lagash, northeast of the modern city of Nasiriyah, which was already known to have been one of the first urban centres of the Sumerian civilisation of ancient Iraq.
The joint team from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Pisa discovered the remains of a primitive refrigeration system, a large oven, benches for diners and around 150 serving bowls.
Fish and animal bones were found in the bowls, alongside evidence of beer drinking, which was widespread among the Sumerians.
"So we've got the refrigerator, we've got the hundreds of vessels ready to be served, benches where people would sit... and behind the refrigerator is an oven that would have been used... for cooking food," project director Holly Pittman told AFP.
"What we understand this thing to be is a place where people -- regular people -- could come to eat and that is not domestic," she said.
"We call it a tavern because beer is by far the most common drink, even more than water, for the Sumerians", she said, noting that in one of the temples excavated in the area "there was a beer recipe that was found on a cuneiform tablet".
- 'Regular people' -
The world's first cities developed in what is now southern Iraq, after agricultural surpluses from the domestication of the first crops allowed the emergence of new social classes not engaged directly in food production.
The Lagash area, close to the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was dubbed the "garden of the gods" by the ancients for its fertility and gave rise to a string of Sumerian cities dating back to the early dynastic period.
"Lagash was one of the important cities of southern Iraq," Iraqi archaeologist Baker Azab Wali told AFP, after working with the US-Italian team on the site.
"Its inhabitants depended on agriculture, livestock, fishing, but also on the exchange of goods," he said.
Pittman said the team was eager to learn more about the occupations of the people who used the tavern in its heyday in around 2700 BC to throw new light on the social structure of the first cities.
Detailed analysis would need to be carried out on the samples taken during the excavations the team completed in November.
"There is so much that we do not know about this early period of the emergence of cities and that is what we are investigating," she said.
"We hope to be able to characterise the neighbourhoods and the kinds of occupation... of the people that lived in this big city who were not the elite," she added.
"Most of the work done at the other sites focuses on kings and priests. And that is all very important but the regular people are also important."
ETX Studio
Sat Feb 18 2023
![Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-02/81676529841_IRAQ.jpg)
Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant. - ETX Studio
10 Berita Pilihan - (16 Julai 2024
Antara pelbagai berita dalam dan luar negara yang disiarkan di Astro AWANI, berikut adalah yang paling menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari ini.
PAC beri tempoh tiga bulan kepada HRD Corp
Jawatankuasa Kira-kira Wang Negara (PAC) memberi tempoh tiga bulan kepada Perbadanan Pembangunan Sumber Manusia (HRD Corp) untuk mengemukakan laporan tindakan susulan terhadap syor jawatankuasa itu.
Kylian Mbappe tandatangan kontrak dengan Real Madrid
Bintang bola sepak Perancis Kylian Mbappe menandatangani kontrak selama lima tahun dengan kelab Sepanyol Real Madrid pada Selasa.
Pelepasan ketujuh air sisa nuklear Fukushima ke laut selesai
Jepun telah menyelesaikan pusingan ketujuh pelepasan air sisa radioaktif yang dirawat dari loji kuasa nuklear Fukushima Daiichi ke Lautan Pasifik pada Selasa.
Empat termasuk kapten maut dalam pertempuran
Empat anggota tentera India termasuk kapten meninggal dunia akibat kecederaan selepas pertempuuran pada malam isnin di Hutan Desa.
Pakistan sahkan 4 warganya terbunuh di Oman
Pakistan berkata pada Selasa empat warganya terbunuh dalam insiden tembakan pada malam Isnin berhampiran ibu negara Oman, Muscat.
Lima terbunuh, puluhan cedera dalam protes antikuota di Bangladesh
Sekurang-kurangnya empat orang terbunuh dan puluhan lagi cedera dalam pertempuran antara pelajar yang memprotes sistem kuota dalam pekerjaan sektor awam dan polis di pelbagai bahagian Bangladesh pada Selasa.
Kerajaan cadang perkenal pembiayaan swasta
Kerajaan menyasarkan untuk memperkenalkan pembiayaan swasta alternatif bagi memastikan kemampanan kewangan program sektor air, sekali gus mengurangkan kebergantungan pada perbelanjaan kerajaan dan mengukuhkan daya tahan.
Saya tak fitnah Guan Eng, cuma jelaskan siasatan SPRM - Muhyiddin
Presiden Bersatu Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin memberitahu Mahkamah Tinggi Kuala Lumpur hari ini bahawa beliau tidak memfitnah Lim Guan Eng berhubung isu pengecualian cukai terhadap Yayasan Albukhary
KPT alu-alukan dapatan, cadangan PAC - Zambry
Ini termasuklah cadangan pelaksanaan Garis Panduan Pelaburan dan Pembiayaan oleh Universiti Awam 2024 kepada anak-anak syarikat di bawah seliaan Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi (KPT).
![Kelayakan Piala Dunia/Piala Asia: Jordi Amat dilayang kad merah, Iraq benam Indonesia Kelayakan Piala Dunia/Piala Asia: Jordi Amat dilayang kad merah, Iraq benam Indonesia](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-06/61717721835_IndonesiavIraq.jpg)
Kelayakan Piala Dunia/Piala Asia: Jordi Amat dilayang kad merah, Iraq benam Indonesia
Dalam perlawanan yang berlangsung di Jakarta, Indonesia tumbang 0-2 kepada Iraq di sebalik persembahan cemerlang dalam separuh masa pertama.
![Iraq luluskan RUU anti-LGBTQ Iraq luluskan RUU anti-LGBTQ](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-04/81714298439_rainbowflag.jpg)
Iraq luluskan RUU anti-LGBTQ
PARLIMEN Iraq pada Sabtu meluluskan rang undang-undang (RUU) yang menjenayahkan hubungan sejenis.
![Bintang TikTok Iraq, Umm Fahad ditembak mati di luar rumah Bintang TikTok Iraq, Umm Fahad ditembak mati di luar rumah](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2024-04/81714256767_TBUmmFahad.jpg)
Bintang TikTok Iraq, Umm Fahad ditembak mati di luar rumah
Pihak berkuasa Iraq umum penubuhan "jawatankuasa siasatan khas- untuk menjejaki pembunuh yang tidak dikenali itu.
![Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-04/41680607592_TBBERITAx.jpg)
Berita antarabangsa pilihan sepanjang hari ini
Antara pelbagai berita luar negara yang disiarkan di Astro AWANI, berikut adalah antara yang paling menjadi tumpuan sepanjang hari ini.
![Pasangan pengantin Iraq masih trauma, akui jiwa mati selepas insiden kebakaran maut Pasangan pengantin Iraq masih trauma, akui jiwa mati selepas insiden kebakaran maut](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-10/41696146890_TBweddinfire.jpg)
Pasangan pengantin Iraq masih trauma, akui jiwa mati selepas insiden kebakaran maut
Majlis perkahwinan pada malam Selasa lalu itu dihadiri 900 tetamu, dengan kebakaran bermula kira-kira jam 10.45 malam.
![Proton X90 tembusi pasaran Mauritius, Afrika Selatan dan Brunei Proton X90 tembusi pasaran Mauritius, Afrika Selatan dan Brunei](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-06/51687171009_Proton.jpg)
Proton X90 tembusi pasaran Mauritius, Afrika Selatan dan Brunei
Kenderaan tenaga baharu pertama Proton Holdings Bhd, X90 mencatat kemunculan pertama di Mauritius, Afrika Selatan dan Brunei.
![Iraq isytihar perintah berkurung di Kirkuk selepas pertempuran Iraq isytihar perintah berkurung di Kirkuk selepas pertempuran](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-09/61693713844_TBIraqKirkukProt.jpg)
Iraq isytihar perintah berkurung di Kirkuk selepas pertempuran
Perdana Menteri Iraq Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani mengarahkan perintah berkurung dan memulakan operasi mencari di kawasan rusuhan.
![3 jalani hukuman gantung di Iraq terlibat pengeboman Daesh ragut 300 nyawa 3 jalani hukuman gantung di Iraq terlibat pengeboman Daesh ragut 300 nyawa](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-01/61674803551_TBpakistan.jpg)
3 jalani hukuman gantung di Iraq terlibat pengeboman Daesh ragut 300 nyawa
Perdana Menteri Iraq Mohammed al-Soudani menyifatkan hukuman itu "adil" semasa pertemuan dengan keluarga mangsa.
![Zambry mulakan lawatan rasmi pertama ke Iraq mulai Rabu Zambry mulakan lawatan rasmi pertama ke Iraq mulai Rabu](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-06/41688123875_wismaputra.jpg)
Zambry mulakan lawatan rasmi pertama ke Iraq mulai Rabu
Zambry dijangka mengadakan kunjungan hormat ke atas pemimpin Iraq dan pertemuan dua hala dengan Fuad.
![NATO peluas peranannya sebagai penasihat di Iraq NATO peluas peranannya sebagai penasihat di Iraq](https://resizer-awani.eco.astro.com.my/tr:w-177,h-100,q-100,f-auto/https://img.astroawani.com/2023-06/51686024168_TBnato.jpg)
NATO peluas peranannya sebagai penasihat di Iraq
NATO sedang meluaskan misinya untuk menyokong pasukan keselamatan di Iraq, menurut pakatan pertahanan Barat yang dianggotai 31 negara itu pada Khamis.